Inco : |
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EXW-Ex works
The seller makes the goods available at his/her premises. The buyer is
responsible for uploading. This term places the maximum obligation on the buyer and minimum
obligations on the seller. The Ex Works term is often used when making an initial quotation
for the sale of goods without any costs included. EXW means that a seller has the goods
ready for collection at his premises (works, factory, warehouse, plant) on the date agreed
upon. The buyer pays all transportation costs and also bears the risks for bringing the
goods to their final destination. The seller does not load the goods on collecting vehicles
and doesn't clear them for export. If the seller does load the goods, he does so at buyer's
risk and cost. If parties wish seller to be responsible for the loading of the goods on
departure and to bear the risk and all costs of such loading, this must be made clear by
adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of sale.
Services |
Named place of delivery |
Export-Customs declaration |
Buyer |
Carriage to port of export |
Buyer |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Buyer |
Loading charges in port of export |
Buyer |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Buyer |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Buyer |
Services |
Named place of delivery |
Insurance |
Buyer |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
FCA - Free Carrier
The seller delivers goods, cleared for export, to the buyer-designated carrier
at a named and defined location. This is used for any mode of transport. The seller must
load goods onto the buyer's carrier. The key document signifying transfer of responsibility
is receipt by carrier to exporter.
Services |
Named place of delivery |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Buyer |
Loading charges in port of export |
Buyer |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Buyer |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Buyer |
Services |
Named place of delivery |
Insurance |
Buyer |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
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Import customs clearance |
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Import taxes |
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CPT - Carriage Paid To
The seller pays for carriage. Risk transfers to buyer upon handling goods over to the first carrier
at place of shipment in the country of export. This term is used for all kind of shipments.
Services |
Named place of Destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Seller |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Buyer |
Services |
Named place of Destination |
Insurance |
Buyer |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
CIP - Carriage & Insurance Paid To
The seller pays for carriage. Risk transfers to buyer upon handling goods over to the first carrier
at place of shipment in the country of export. This term is used for all kind of shipments.
Services |
Named place of Destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Seller |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Seller |
Services |
Named place of Destination |
Insurance |
Sellar |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
DAT - Delivered at Terminal
Seller pays for carriage to the terminal, except for costs related to import clearance, and assumes
all risks up to the point that the goods are unloaded at the terminal.
Services |
Named terminal at port or place of destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
|
Loading charges in port of export |
Buyer |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
|
Unloading charges in port of import |
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Services |
Named terminal at port or place of destination |
Insurance |
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Loading on truck in port of import |
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Carriage to place of destination |
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Import customs clearance |
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Import taxes |
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DAT - Delivered at Terminal
Seller pays for carriage to the named place, except for costs related to import clearance, and
assumes all risks prior to the point that the goods are ready for unloading by the buyer. Import clearance =
import duty and VAT and not the Import Customs Clearance.
Services |
Named place of destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Seller |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Seller |
Services |
Named place of destination |
Insurance |
Seller |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Seller |
Carriage to place of destination |
Seller |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
DDP - Delivered Duty Paid
Seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the country of the buyer, and
pays all costs in bringing the goods to the destination including import duties and taxes. The seller is not
responsible for unloading. This term is often used in place of the non-Incoterm "Free In Store (FIS)". This
term
places the maximum obligations on the seller and minimum obligations on the buyer.
Services |
Named place of destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Seller |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Seller |
Services |
Named place of destination |
Insurance |
Seller |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Seller |
Carriage to place of destination |
Seller |
Import customs clearance |
Seller |
Import taxes |
Seller |
FAS - Free Alongside Ship
The seller must place the goods alongside the ship at the named port. The seller must clear the
goods for export. Suitable only for maritime transport but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers. This
term is typically used for heavy-lift or bulk cargo.
Services |
Named port of shipment |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Buyer |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Buyer |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Buyer |
Services |
Named port of shipment |
Insurance |
Buyer |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
FOB-Free on Board
The seller must load the goods on board a vessel designated by the buyer. Cost and risk are divided
when the goods are actually on board of the vessel. The seller must clear the goods for export. The term is
applicable for maritime and inland waterway transport only but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers.
The buyer must instruct the seller the details of the vessel and the port where the goods are to be loaded, and
there is no reference to, or provision for, the use of a carrier or forwarder. This term has been greatly
misused over the last three decades ever since Incoterms 1980 explained that FCA should be used for container
shipments. It means the seller pays for transportation of goods to the port of shipment, loading cost. The buyer
pays cost of marine freight transportation, insurance, uploading and transportation cost from the arrival port
to destination. The passing of risk occurs when the goods pass the ship"s rail at port of shipments.
Services |
Named port of shipment |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Buyer |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Buyer |
Services |
Named port of shipment |
Insurance |
Buyer |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
CFR - Cost and Freight
Seller must pay the costs and freight to bring the goods to the port of destination. However, risk
is transferred to the buyer once the goods are loaded on the vessel. Insurance for the goods is NOT included.
This term is formerly known as CNF (C&F, or C+F). Maritime transport only.
Services |
Named port of destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Seller |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Seller |
Services |
Named port of destination |
Insurance |
Buyer |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |
CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight
Exactly the same as CFR except that the seller must in addition procure and pay for the insurance.
Maritime transport only.
Services |
Named port of destination |
Export - Customs declaration |
Seller |
Carriage to port of export |
Seller |
Unloading of truck in port of export |
Seller |
Loading charges in port of export |
Seller |
Carriage (Sea Freight/Air Freight) to port of import |
Seller |
Unloading charges in port of import |
Seller |
Services |
Named port of destination |
Insurance |
Seller |
Loading on truck in port of import |
Buyer |
Carriage to place of destination |
Buyer |
Import customs clearance |
Buyer |
Import taxes |
Buyer |